| Term | Description |
FAQ | FAQ - Frequently Asked Question
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FARNET | FARNET - A non-profit corporation, established in 1987, whose mission is toadvance the use of computer networks to improve research andeducation.
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FAVORITES | FAVORITES - In the Internet Explorer browser, a means to get back to a URL you like, similar to Netscape's Bookmarks
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FDDI | FDDI - See: Fiber Distributed Data Interface
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Federal Information Exchange (FIX) | Federal Information Exchange (FIX) - One of the connection points between the American governmentalinternets and the Internet.[Source: SURA]
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Federal Networking Council (FNC) | Federal Networking Council (FNC) - The coordinating group of representatives from those federalagencies involved in the development and use of federalnetworking, especially those networks using TCP/IP and theInternet. Current members include representatives from DOD, DOE,DARPA, NSF, NASA, and HHS. See also: Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency, National Science Foundation.
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Federated Membership | Federated Membership - An ICPSR membership category that allows a number of institutions to share data through a single linking institution and a single Official Representative.
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Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) | Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) - A high-speed (100Mb/s) LAN standard. The underlying medium isfiber optics, and the topology is a dual-attached, counter-rotating token ring. See also: Local Area Network, token ring.[Source: RFC1208]
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FIELD SEARCHING | FIELD SEARCHING - Ability to limit a search by requiring word or phrase to appear in a specific field of documents (eg, title, url, link) See LIMITING TO FIELD
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File | File - A physical unit of storage on a computer disk or tape. Example, the California dataset of STF 1A might contain a file of data, a file of codebook information, and a file of SPSS control cards for use with the statistical software SPSS.
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file transfer | file transfer - The copying of a file from one computer to another over a computernetwork. See also: File Transfer Protocol, Kermit.
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - A protocol which allows a user on one host to access, and transferfiles to and from, another host over a network. Also, FTP isusually the name of the program the user invokes to execute theprotocol. It is defined in STD 9, RFC 959. See also: anonymousFTP.
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FIND | FIND - Button in Netscape Tool Button Bar at top Searches for word(s) keyed in document in screen only Useful to locate a term in a long document Can be invoked by the keyboard command, Ctrl+F
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finger | finger - A program that displays information about a particular user, orall users, logged on the local system or on a remote system. Ittypically shows full name, last login time, idle time, terminalline, and terminal location (where applicable). It may alsodisplay plan and project files left by the user.
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Firewall | Firewall - This term refers to security measures designed to protect a networked system from unauthorized or unwelcome access
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FIX | FIX - See: Federal Information Exchange
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Fixed Format | Fixed Format - A file structure consisting of physical records of a constant size within which the precise location of each variable is based on the column location and width of the variable. Most data from ICPSR is distributed in a fixed format and codebooks are used to specify the column location and width of each variable. Contrast with Free Format .
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flame | flame - A strong opinion and/or criticism of something, usually as a frankinflammatory statement, in an electronic mail message. It iscommon to precede a flame with an indication of pending fire(i.e., FLAME ON!). Flame Wars occur when people start flamingother people for flaming when they shouldn't have. See also:Electronic Mail
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Flat File | Flat File - See Rectangular File.
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FNC | FNC - See: Federal Networking Council
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For Your Information (FYI) | For Your Information (FYI) - A subseries of RFCs that are not technical standards ordescriptions of protocols. FYIs convey general information abouttopics related to TCP/IP or the Internet. See also: Request ForComments, STD.
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FQDN | FQDN - See: Fully Qualified Domain Name
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fragment | fragment - A piece of a packet. When a router is forwarding an IP packet toa network that has a maximum packet size smaller than the packetsize, it is forced to break up that packet into multiplefragments. These fragments will be reassembled by the IP layer atthe destination host.
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fragmentation | fragmentation - The IP process in which a packet is broken into smaller pieces tofit the requirements of a physical network over which the packetmust pass. See also: reassembly.
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frame | frame - A frame is a datalink layer "packet" which contains the header andtrailer information required by the physical medium. That is,network layer packets are encapsulated to become frames. Seealso: datagram, encapsulation, packet.
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FRAMES | FRAMES - A format for web documents that divides the screen into segments, each with a scroll bar as if it were as "window" within the window Usually, selecting a category of documents in one frame shows the contents of the category in another frame To go BACK in a frame, position the cursor in the frame an press the right mouse button, and select "Back in frame" (or Forward) You can adjust frame dimensions by positioning the cursor over the border between frames and dragging the border up/down or right/left holding the mouse button down over the border
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Free Format | Free Format - A physical file structure that specifies the order of variables in a file and that they are delimited from each other by a special character or characters (usually a blank or other whitespace). Free format files may have variable physical record lengths ; when they do, they are typically delimited by a newline character at the end of each line. Contrast with Fixed Format .
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freenet | freenet - Community-based bulletin board system with email, informationservices, interactive communications, and conferencing. Freenetsare funded and operated by individuals and volunteers -- in onesense, like public television. They are part of the NationalPublic Telecomputing Network (NPTN), an organization based inCleveland, Ohio, devoted to making computer telecommunication andnetworking services as freely available as public libraries.[Source: LAQUEY]
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Frequencies | Frequencies - (Also called "marginals.") In survey research, the number of respondents who responded to each of the possible answers to a question. Often codebooks list the frequency of response to each question. So, for instance, you might be able to tell from a codebook how many House Members voted in favor of a bill and how many voted against it.
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Frequency File | Frequency File - A file that contains the frequencies for each question in a survey.
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FRESHNESS | FRESHNESS - How up-to-date a search engine database is, based primarily on how often its spiders recirculate around the Web and update their copies of the web pages they hold, and discover new ones Also determined by how quickly they integrate new sites that web authors send to them Two weeks is about as good as most search engines do, but some update certain selected web sites more frequently
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FTP | FTP - File Transfer Protocol. A reliable method of transferring files over The Internet.
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Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) | Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) - The FQDN is the full name of a system, rather than just itshostname. For example, "venera" is a hostname and"venera.isi.edu" is an FQDN. See also: hostname, Domain NameSystem.
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FUZZY AND | FUZZY AND - In ranking of results, documents with all terms (Boolean AND) are ranked first, followed by documents containing any terms (Boolean OR) are retrieved The farther down, the fewer the terms, although at least one should always be present
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FYI | FYI - See: For Your Information
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